Sources for the article:

i. 
https://www.tetrapak.com/about-tetra-pak/news-and-events/newsarchive/consumers-rewire-priorities-and-take-action-on-environment-waste-and-health

ii. 
Case study benchmark comparing batch blending and in-line blending:

Batch blending:

In-line blending:

In-line blending increases electricity costs by 26% but reduces:

• Steam by 25%
• Fresh water by 25%
• Caustic by 39%

iii.
Figures comparing cooling water and steam consumption of the Tetra Pak Homogenizer 400, which handles temperatures up to 125°C vs. a homogenizer that requires low temperature condensate (60°C) and thus consumes much more cooling water and steam:

Formula for cooling water calculation:

E = E1+E2+E3
Where;
E1: Cooling energy from 140°C to 100°C (steam)
E2: Evaporation energy from 100°C(steam) to 100°C(fluid)
E3: Cooling energy from 100°C(fluid) to 60°C
Cooling energy:
E1 , E3 = m*c*ΔT
Evaporation energy:
E2 = m*h
Heat capacity:
Cw (water) = 4.18 kJ/kg*°C
Cs (steam) = 1.97 kJ/kg*°C
Specific evaporation heat:
h=2 260 kJ/kg

m =mass in kg
ΔT=temperature change in °C
c = specific energy in kJ/kg*oC
h = specific evaporation heat      

iv.
When the homogenizer is equipped with this option, temperature sensors ensure that it only uses exactly the amount of water needed to maintain the right temperature, and no more.

v.
Tetra Pak Sustainability report 2021, page 22

vi.
COP26 Goals - UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) at the SEC – Glasgow 2021 (ukcop26.org)

vii.
Read more about hibernation mode in Tetra Pak heating units at https://www.tetrapak.com/solutions/categories/dairy/fermented-dairy-products